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# Aerospace & Advanced Composites GmbH – Consulting, Testing, Development, Research

## Sitemaps
[XML Sitemap](https://www.aac-research.at/sitemap_index.xml): Includes all crawlable and indexable pages.

## Posts
- [Hardness Testing of Materials: Applications, Classification and the Advantages of Automated Measurement](https://www.aac-research.at/hardness-testing-of-materials-applications-classification-and-the-advantages-of-automated-measurement/): Hardness testing is a widely used method for the characterization and quality assessment of engineering materials. It provides valuable information about a material's resistance to deformation and is an essential tool in research and development, quality control, failure analysis, and production monitoring.
- [Microanalytical Investigation of Electronic Components:Advanced Characterisation and Failure Analysis](https://www.aac-research.at/microanalytical-investigation-of-electronic-componentsadvanced-characterisation-and-failure-analysis/): Modern electronic components are expected to operate reliably for years under demanding conditions. Whether used in space systems, aerospace electronics, automotive control units, medical devices or industrial power electronics, their reliability and electrical performance depend on the quality of the used materials and manufacturing processes.
- [Corrosion: Assessment and Material qualification](https://www.aac-research.at/corrosion-assessment-and-material-qualification/): Corrosion is the gradual deterioration of metals caused by chemical interactions with their environment. It is a major concern for equipment operating under harsh conditions (such as bridges, pipelines, ships, and automobiles etc.) but must also be considered for components intended for “clean” environments, such as space applications. Even in these cases, corrosion can occur during prolonged storage prior to service, potentially affecting component reliability and performance.
- [APPLICATION OF SURFACE FUNCTIONALISATION IN SPACE MECHANISMS](https://www.aac-research.at/application-of-surface-functionalisation-in-space-mechanisms/): Low friction is a key prerequisite for a wide range of technical applications. In many systems, reducing the friction and increasing the lifetime of tribological contacts is essential to improve efficiency, minimize wear, and ensure reliable operation under demanding conditions.
- [Microanalytical assessment of crimp-joints](https://www.aac-research.at/microanalytical-assessment-of-crimp-joints/): To connect an electrical wire to a socket, crimping is widely used for a wide range of applications. Especially when considering high-reliability electrical connections (e.g., for aerospace or automotive applications), a detailed assessment of the crimp joint is required to ensure the proper functionality. The most commonly used method to assess the quality of crimp joints involves the metallographic investigation of the cross-section as described in the ESA-standard ECSS-Q-ST-70-26C.
- [Asbest: Ein oft verwendetes Material, ABER …](https://www.aac-research.at/asbest-ein-oft-verwendetes-material-aber-2/): Offensichtlich NEIN: EU-Regulierungen können nicht verhindern, dass Asbest in älteren Gebäuden weiterhin vorhanden ist. Es muss daher bei Sanierungs- oder Abrissarbeiten berücksichtigt werden: Eine detaillierte Untersuchung des Asbestgehalts ist entscheidend – kontaminierte Bauteile müssen fachgerecht über spezialisierte Entsorgungsstellen entsorgt werden und dürfen nicht wiederverwendet oder weiterverarbeitet werden, um Gesundheitsrisiken zu vermeiden.
- [Extreme small motion testing for LIDAR bearings](https://www.aac-research.at/extreme-small-motion-testing-for-lidar-bearings/): Pointing mechanisms for LIDAR are suffering from extremely small oscillatory motions, sometimes called swiveling. The amplitudes in these ball bearings are close to the limits for ball bearings, especially when solid lubrication is of interest. The latter may be caused by cleanliness requirements.
- [Stress Corrosion Cracking Tests](https://www.aac-research.at/importance-of-stress-corrosion-cracking-tests/): Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a critical failure mechanism that occurs due to the combined effect of tensile stress and a corrosive environment on materials. This form of degradation can lead to sudden and catastrophic failures in structures and components, even when the overall corrosion rate is low. SCC is especially dangerous because cracks can grow undetected over time, leading to unexpected structural failure. Therefore, SCC testing is essential for evaluating the resistance of materials in service environments, ensuring long-term integrity and safety in industries such as aerospace, nuclear, chemical processing, and oil & gas.
- [New Ways for Battery Insulation Materials Testing: Faster, Better and More Cost-Effective Solutions](https://www.aac-research.at/battery-safety-testing-faster-and-more-cost-effective/): Preventing thermal propagation in batteries is crucial for ensuring the safety of electric vehicles and energy storage systems. At Aerospace & Advanced Composites GmbH (AAC), we provide a cost-efficient and highly realistic testing method that evaluates battery insulation materials under thermal propagation events. This approach is significantly faster and more affordable than full thermal runaway testing, allowing manufacturers to refine materials early and enhance overall battery safety.
- [Fracture Mechanics Testing at Cryogenic Temperature](https://www.aac-research.at/fracture-mechanics-testing-at-cryogenic-temperature/): AAC’s proven knowledge and extensive experience using the area method for determination of fracture toughness at cryogenic temperatures down to 4.2K (LHe) deliver accurate fracture toughness measurements that are crucial for predicting the long-term durability of composite components in aerospace and cryogenic applications, where even small flaws or cracks can lead to catastrophic failure. The fracture toughness values obtained from these tests are used in design guidelines to ensure that composite structures will perform safely and reliably at low temperatures. Engineers use this data to refine their models and ensure that composite materials can meet the demanding performance criteria for applications in space vehicles, cryogenic fuel tanks, and other high-stress environments.
- [Importance of Cryogenic Testing Data for Composites: Matrix Dominated Properties and gas tightness.](https://www.aac-research.at/importance-of-cryogenic-testing-data-for-composites-matrix-dominated-properties-and-gas-tightness/): Composite materials, particularly those made from carbon fibers, are widely used in aerospace applications due to their high specific stiffness and strength. These materials play a crucial role in industries where weight optimization is paramount, such as the space industry. For instance, in the design of cryogenic propellant tanks used in launchers, composites offer the potential for significant weight reduction compared to conventional metal tanks.
- [Understanding the difference between OUTgassing and OFFgassing](https://www.aac-research.at/understanding-the-difference-between-outgassing-and-offgassing/): The release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from synthetic materials, is a well-known concern on Earth, particularly for its impact on human health. VOCs are emitted from a range of products, including plastics, paints, and adhesives, especially when these items are new or exposed to certain environmental factors like light, temperature, or radiation. While we often focus on the human health risks, such as potential links to cancer, the release of material also presents a significant challenge in environments where sensitive equipment is involved, particularly in space.
- [Ball bearings dynamically testing in TVAC](https://www.aac-research.at/ball-bearings-dynamically-testing-in-tvac/): Testing of ball bearings requires to pre-load them axially and/or radially. This needs manual operation by a technician. If bearings shall be characterized for different pre-loads, every change in the pre-load requires to open the vacuum chamber. This means a TVAC test can be run only at one fixed pre-load. On the other hand, a typical thermal vacuum life test starts at room temperature and continues to minimum one cold and one hot temperature level, this means at least 3 days. A change of the pre-load needs return to room temperature and open the chamber. Testing at two pre-load levels lasts then 6 days, testing at three pre-load levels lasts then 9 days and so on.
- [Contamination monitoring of materials in vacuum](https://www.aac-research.at/contamination-monitoring-of-materials-in-vacuum/): Contamination control is a critical aspect of risk mitigation for contamination sensitive surfaces in satellites. Molecular organic contaminants (MOCs) that are deposited on surfaces like lenses may decrease the performances of instruments. Common monitoring methods that are used in space business include:
- [Cryogenic Materials Testing in Aerospace Engineering](https://www.aac-research.at/cryogenic-materials-testing-in-aerospace-engineering/): In the dynamic world of aerospace engineering, innovation knows no bounds. As we push the boundaries of what's possible in aviation and space, one frontier that demands our attention is cryogenic materials testing. In this blog article, we delve into the fascinating realm of cryogenics and its crucial role in shaping the future of aerospace engineering, particularly in the development of electric and hydrogen-powered aircraft.
- [ReleaseNite-Series: Redefining Paper Industry Maintenance for a Sustainable Future!](https://www.aac-research.at/releasenite-coatings-for-a-sustainable-future/): In the realm of industrial challenges, few sectors face the persistent hurdles encountered by the paper industry. From the persistent buildup of residues to the frequent machinery shutdowns for maintenance, the environmental and economic toll is significant. However, among these challenges arises a sign of innovation – the ReleaseNite coatings.
- [Verlängerung unserer ISO 9001 Zertifizierung](https://www.aac-research.at/verlangerung-unserer-iso-9001-zertifizierung/): Mit großer Freude verkünden wir, dass wir erfolgreich unser viertes ISO 9001 Wiederholungsaudit bestanden haben! Es ist das Ergebnis unseres kontinuierlichen Engagements für Qualität und Exzellenz in all unseren Geschäftsprozessen.
- [Unveiling the Importance of Demisability Testing: Precision and Simplicity with Our Radiant Heater Service](https://www.aac-research.at/unveiling-the-importance-of-demisability-testing/): In the realm of re-entry testing, ensuring the safe disintegration of returning spacecraft parts is paramount. At AAC, we underscore the critical significance of demisability tests. These tests simulate the early stages of re-entry and indicate that components disintegrate already at high altitude during re-entry, mitigating potential damage and safeguarding the overall integrity of your mission.
- [Enhancing Satellite Resilience: The Practical Significance of Thermal Vacuum Bakeouts for MLI in Satellite Missions](https://www.aac-research.at/enhancing-mli-bakeout-for_satellite-missions/): Operating in the challenging environment of space, satellites contend with extreme temperature fluctuations, radiation exposure, and the vacuum of the cosmos. Essential for fortifying these satellites against such harsh conditions and ensuring their longevity, Multi-Layer Insulation (MLI) emerges as a key protective measure. This thermal insulation method, comprised of reflective foil layers separated by low-conductance spacer materials, plays a pivotal role in regulating temperature and maintaining the resilience of satellites in the unpredictable realm of space.
- [Outgassing of materials in vacuum](https://www.aac-research.at/outgassing-of-materials-in-vacuum/): Outgassing of materials in vacuum is often treated neglectfully. Typically, only one side of the equation is considered, such as the loss of oil in a bearing. However, the potentially fatal consequences of oil resublimation onto an optical instrument may be ignored. – There is no one in space to wipe down a lens that has a hazy film of oil on it.
- [Diversified Excellence: AAC’s Multidisciplinary Approach to Advanced Solutions](https://www.aac-research.at/aac-your-advanced-solution-for-space-and-beyond/): In the dynamic landscape of advancements, companies often find themselves specializing in narrow scientific and technological domains. At Aerospace & Advanced Composites (AAC), our operational model covers a variety of activities from sliprings for space applications to characterizing cold welding of materials, or from developing coatings for special terrestrial applications to working on structural health monitoring for CFK components. Our team comprises a diverse group of scientists and technicians, each specializing in different fields. While some may argue that this diversity could dilute our corporate identity, we firmly believe this is our greatest asset, empowering us to tailor our solutions precisely to our customers' unique needs.
- [The mysteries of slip rings](https://www.aac-research.at/the-mysteries-of-slip-rings/): A slip ring (in electrical engineering terms) is a method of making an electrical connection through a rotating assembly. Slip rings, also called rotary electrical interfaces, rotating electrical connectors, collectors, swivels, or electrical rotary joints, are commonly found in all rotary systems with electrical connections of sensors and receptors. They are a common building block in terrestrial and space applications, e.g. wind turbines, computer tomography scanners, solar arrays in space and many more.
- [Revolutionizing Materials Testing: Unleashing the Potential of High-Temperature, High-Pressure Experiments for Coatings, Sheets, and Beyond!](https://www.aac-research.at/revolutionizing-materials-testing-unleashing-the-potential-of-high-temperature-high-pressure-experiments-for-coatings-sheets-and-beyond/): An autoclave is a closed, gas-tight, and static testing apparatus used to expose test specimens to corrosive environments at elevated temperatures and pressures, allowing the evaluation of the effects of these changes. The autoclave comprises a high-pressure hast alloy vessel with a Teflon liner, featuring internal dimensions of the diameter Ø 125 mm and a height of 380 mm. Additionally, the autoclave can be equipped with a rack to accommodate a larger number of smaller specimens. Temperature control is achieved using an internal thermometer covered with Teflon, while the autonomous pressure of water vapor is monitored by a digital pressure sensor, with data output to a PC.
- [Mikrostrukturanalyse bei AAC: Expertise in Werkstoff- & Bauteilanalyse](https://www.aac-research.at/mikrostrukturanalyse-bei-aac-expertise-in-werkstoff-bauteilanalyse/): Die Charakterisierung von Materialien und Bauteilen auf makro- und mikroskopischer Ebene ermöglicht eine Vielzahl von verschiedenen Untersuchungen:
- [Cold welding under space and launch conditions](https://www.aac-research.at/cold-welding-an-underestimated-problem-in-space-engineering/): A common failure mode seen during the testing and operation of spacecraft is termed ‘cold-welding’ (‘coldwelding’, ‘contact welding’, ‘adhesion’, ‘sticking’ or ‘stiction’). Coldwelding is a solid-state welding process in which joining takes place without fusion or heating at the interface of the two parts to be welded. This effect mainly concerns metal-to-metal contacts. It was first recognized as a general materials phenomenon in the 1940s: Clean, flat surfaces of metal might strongly adhere if brought into contact in vacuum. Due to missing experimental data, AAC started to setup testing expertise in the 1990ies and continued under ESA-contract to establish a data base.
- [CronHard – Achieving Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance in Bearing Steel](https://www.aac-research.at/cronhard-achieving-stress-corrosion-cracking-resistance-in-bearing-steel/): Ball bearings are essential components in various mechanical systems, designed for their high hardness to ensure wear resistance and the ability to withstand high contact stresses. For many years, this design philosophy served well as long as traditional bearing configurations with predominantly compressive stresses were prevalent. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) was not a significant concern in such setups. However, as the industry continues to evolve towards more efficient and lightweight integrated solutions, where bearings are combined with housings, new challenges arise due to the introduction of tensile stresses in the bearing rings.
- [Coefficient of Moisture Expansion:<br>A challenging measurement task](https://www.aac-research.at/coefficient-of-moisture-expansion-a-challenging-measurement-task/): Coefficient of Moisture Expansion (CME) is defined as the ratio of change in strain and mass variation due to the moisture desorption or absorption.  For the determination of the CME the change of length and the mass loss has to be measured with high accuracy.
- [A Giant Leap in Space Exploration: Successfully Completing the Cubesat Bakeout and TVAC Tests](https://www.aac-research.at/a-giant-leap-in-space-exploration-successfully-completing-the-cubesat-bakeout-and-tvac-tests/): In the ever-evolving realm of space exploration, every successful milestone brings us one step closer to unlocking the mysteries of the cosmos. Today, we are thrilled to share a remarkable achievement that signifies a significant leap forward in our space mission strategy. Our recent accomplishment in conducting the Bakeout and Thermal Vacuum Test TVAC for our Cubesat not only marks a momentous milestone but also reaffirms our commitment to pushing the boundaries of space exploration.

## Pages
- [Services](https://www.aac-research.at/services/): They are directly commissioned by the European Space Agency (ESA) or by projects for European ESA suppliers.
- [Contact](https://www.aac-research.at/contact/): DI Dr. Christoph Auner
- [Privacy Policy](https://www.aac-research.at/privacy-policy/): The protection of your personal data is particularly important to us. We therefore process your data exclusively on the basis of the legal provisions (GDPR, TKG 2003) In this data protection information we inform you about the most important aspects of data processing on our website.
- [Impressum](https://www.aac-research.at/impressum/): Geschäftsführer: DI Dr. techn. Christoph Auner
- [Material Testing and Component Testing](https://www.aac-research.at/material-testing-and-component-testing/): Material testing and component testing encompass a wide range of test methods aimed at determining the properties, quality, and performance of materials. These tests are essential for the development and manufacturing of safe and durable products across various industries. From the automotive sector to aerospace and construction, the quality and durability of materials must always meet high standards. Defective or substandard materials can lead to significant costs and serious safety risks.
- [Certificates](https://www.aac-research.at/certificates/): AAC Research Certificates and Awards
- [Projects](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/): View our projects
- [Testing standards – Standardized Testing and Certification](https://www.aac-research.at/testing-standards/): Welcome to AAC - Aerospace & Advanced Composites GmbH, your reliable partner for advanced materials testing, applied research, and certification services in aerospace, automotive, and industrial sectors. We offer accredited, high-quality testing procedures in accordance with internationally recognized standards, ensuring that your materials and components fulfill stringent quality, performance, and safety requirements.
- [News](https://www.aac-research.at/news/): For Space and Beyond News & Insights LinkedIn Feed News
- [Research](https://www.aac-research.at/services/research/): View services
- [Development](https://www.aac-research.at/services/development/): View services
- [Testing](https://www.aac-research.at/services/testing/): Orders may start with few single tests, or may range up to large test campaigns. For the latter AAC may also act as one-stop shop.
- [Consulting](https://www.aac-research.at/services/consulting/): View services
- [Advanced Pigments – AAC200LU Security Pigments](https://www.aac-research.at/products/pigments/): AAC200LU Security Pigments are designed to provide anti-counterfeiting protection. Derived from ceramic oxide particles, these pigments offer exceptional durability, with resistance to water, light, and temperature fluctuations. They can be mixed with conventional printing inks without altering color perception, even at in wide concentration ranges. AAC Security Pigments cannot be photocopied, creating a robust barrier against counterfeiting. Visible only under specific IR laser irradiation, these pigments offer an additional layer of security. Each application features a unique, composition-dependent spectral fingerprint for unambiguous recognition. Their versatility allows them to be used in various polymers, including LLDPE, PMMA, Polyimide, and ABS. With long-lasting effectiveness, AAC200LU Security Pigments were designed for an extended lifespan, maintaining effectiveness over time.
- [Functional Coatings: Anti Ice Coatings & Easy to clean Coatings](https://www.aac-research.at/products/coatings/): AAC 2000 EC is an advanced 1K solvent-based coating system, completely free of fluorocarbons, designed for high-temperature curing in special industrial applications. It offers robust protection for various substrates exposed to harsh conditions, including extreme temperatures, corrosion, light, moisture, salt, and dirt. This coating provides an exceptional combination of release and easy-to-clean properties, ensuring superior durability against chemicals, mechanical stress, light, and thermal fluctuations. Ideal for challenging environments, AAC 2000 EC delivers long-lasting performance and reliable protection.
- [Failure Analysis, Material Analysis and Material Development](https://www.aac-research.at/failure-analysis-engineering-office/): AAC is an established engineering office specializing in the investigation of surfaces, coatings, and materials, as well as material development projects. With state-of-the-art equipment, AAC conducts investigations as a service for industrial companies, including surface characterizations, tribological studies, mechanical testing, and failure analysis. These services are crucial in understanding the performance, durability, and integrity of materials in various applications, ensuring that industrial components meet stringent quality and safety standards.
- [Products](https://www.aac-research.at/products/): With our extensive experience, we are dedicated to creating innovative materials and products that precisely meet customer needs and adapt to the evolving demands of our times. Our approach is deeply rooted in market insights, allowing us to swiftly adapt to new conditions and ensure our solutions remain at the forefront of innovation.
- [Home](https://www.aac-research.at/): Founded in October 2010 AAC is a privately held company providing research, development and engineering capabilities in materials technology and testing.

## Services
- [3D-Printing](https://www.aac-research.at/services/research/3d-printing/): Additive Manufacturing Technologies offer new capabilities on design for complex parts. However, based on our expertise we know that there are still several drawbacks on the materials & processing side to overcome. Material properties depend strongly on the Additive Manufacturing Process and processing & post-processing parameter. Therefore, materials & components are usually not similar to their conventional produced counterparts (e.g. microstructure, surface roughness, mechanical properties, etc.)
- [Composite Process & Health Monitoring](https://www.aac-research.at/services/research/composite-process-and-health-monitoring/): The concept of „Damage Tolerant Design“ has been successfully implemented in the aerospace industry since several decades. This concept is based on the idea that a certain amount of defects can be tolerated in a structural component, before it has to be repaired or exchanged. To guaranty the structural integrity continuous non-destructive inspections have do been done. In addition, the number of structural components made of CFRP has been increased strongly, but their potential has not been exhausted due to uncertainties in the production process and the prediction of the residual life. If such a non-destructive inspection system could be permanently applied to structures and operated online (Structural Health Monitoring), especially in composites, a strong reduction in the down time, costs of maintenance and reduction in weight could be expected. Besides the monitoring of the usage, process monitoring of automated composite production processes became important. Therefore, concepts for integrated process- and structural health monitoring are required. AAC is developing methods and sensors for process simulation and monitoring as well as concepts and algorithms for the off- and online damage detection and quantification for composite structures based on passive and active ultrasonic methods like Acoustic Emission, Guided Ultrasonic Waves together with local strain approaches measured by distributed fibre optic sensors.
- [Functional and Anti-Ice Coatings](https://www.aac-research.at/services/research/functional-coatings/): AAC is active in the field of icing countermeasures in the form of passive coatings and active heating systems and electromechanical acuators, since 2008.Although in-flight icing is considered to be a well-managed problem in commercial aviation, it remains a risk factor in the realm of smaller aircraft, drones and electric aircraft. Additionally, icing frequently has an impact to the customer experience, when delays due to holding pattern or ground de-icing measures occur.AAC has been an active developer of anti-icing and de-icing coatings since its foundation in 2010. Two developmental lines are pursued: Passive and active coatings for de-icing and anti-icing. Combined these two methods can form a hybrid anti-icing system.Active coatings are conductive paints used as electrothermal heating elements. The benefit of conductive paints is their flexibility regarding the underlying surface geometry, which means, that 3D surfaces can be coated and seamless transitions at the rim of the coating can be achieved. This is especially important to limit the impact on the aerodynamic properties of the aircraft.Passive anti-icing coatings developed by AAC, can be used as stand-alone or as top-coat on the conductive paint. In this way, a hybrid, synergetic anti-icing system is realized. The passive top-coat reduces the energy demand of the electrothermal heater underneath.AACs passive anti-icing coatings are based on very durable base systems that are formulated to exhibit a low ice adhesion. AAC has the in house capability to measure ice adhesion shear force and coating durability, which accelerates the development cycle.AAC anti-icing coatings can also be applied in other fields, such as wind energy.
- [Lubrication for Space](https://www.aac-research.at/services/research/lubrication-for-space/): Lubrication in space is extremely different from terrestrial conditions. Even the lack of air (vacuum) prevents the use of common terrestrial solutions: Lubricants evaporate, materials age (polymers) or are not corrosion resistant (nitriding steels), most metallic alloys tend to extremely high galling (adhesive wear) in vacuum or cold welding under vibrations during launch, many coatings suddenly show high friction (DLC). The choice of materials, surface processes and lubrication cannot be taken from conventional terrestrial solutions.
- [Space effects on materials](https://www.aac-research.at/services/research/space-effects-on-materials/): AAC has established a wide expertise: on one hand expertise in materials characterisation, and on the other hand several very specific test devices that are necessary to validate (new) materials and processes for use in space.
- [Anti Icing Coatings](https://www.aac-research.at/services/development/anti-icing-coatings/): Over the past 15 years, AAC has been at the forefront of addressing the challenges of icing across various environments and industries, including aviation, wind energy, solar energy, and other industrial applications. AAC’s expertise spans the development of both active and passive anti-icing and de-icing methods. The company’s passive methods include advanced anti-icing coatings, while active methods encompass electro-thermal and electro-expulsive de-icing systems.
- [Composite Process Development](https://www.aac-research.at/services/development/composite-process-development/): Composite materials are moulded by combining two or more materials that can have quite different properties, and do not blend or dissolve into each other. In most cases composites contain a matrix material partially functionalized and a reinforcement material in form of particles, short, long or continuous fibers. These different materials work together to give the composite unique properties, which can not be achieved using only one constituent material.
- [Development of Test Methods and Facilities](https://www.aac-research.at/services/development/test-methods-and-facilities/): AAC’s expertise in mechanical and electrical engineering, together with software engineering can contribute to space testing also with customer adopted test setups (MGSE and EGSE). This starts with simple adaptors to host new gear boxes in our test devices, but may comprise also complete new setups to test components under thermal vacuum for life. Even providing torque loads or software to control motion profiles and record data.
- [Functional Coatings](https://www.aac-research.at/services/development/functional-coatings-2/): In a world where industries face diverse challenges, AAC specializes in providing innovative and specialized coating solutions beyond conventional standards and meet all custom requirements, designed to withstand any condition. Leveraging extensive expertise in sol-gel chemistry and functionalization, AAC delivers a broad spectrum of solutions across various industrial sectors.
- [Thermal Control Materials](https://www.aac-research.at/services/development/thermal-control-materials/): Up to now fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) and/or polyimide polymers (PI – Kapton®) are primarily used for space missions. However, cumulated effects of space environment, e.g. Atomic Oxygen (ATOX), VUV/UV radiation cause severe degradation of these polymer materials. The problems connected with the degradation of polymers known from flight missions lead to the embrittlement and loss of material integrity and thermal control. Thus endanger complete missions.
- [Tribo materials for space](https://www.aac-research.at/services/development/tribomaterials/): Tribology in space differs strongly from tribology on earth. Already vacuum itself rules out most solutions used on ground: lubricants evaporate, materials degrade (polymers) or are not corrosion resistant (nitriding steels), most common metallic alloys are subject to strong adhesive wear or cold welding under vibrations, many coatings exhibit much higher friction (e.g. DLC). Hence, selection of material and lubricants in tribological contacts cannot be extrapolated from terrestrial approaches.
- [ESA Testhouse](https://www.aac-research.at/services/testing/esa-testhouse/): AAC has established a rare combination of expertises: on one hand expertise in materials characterisation, and on the other hand several very specific test devices that are necessary to validate (new) materials and processes for use in space.
- [Additive Manufacturing with AAC](https://www.aac-research.at/services/testing/additive-manufacturing-with-aac/): Additive Manufacturing Technologies offer new capabilities on the design for complex parts. However, based on our extensive expertise at AAC there are still several drawbacks on the materials & processing side to overcome, e.g.:
- [Chemical Analysis](https://www.aac-research.at/services/testing/chemical-analysis/): Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX)
- [Coefficient of moisture expansion-CME](https://www.aac-research.at/services/testing/coefficient-of-moisture-expansion-cme/): Aircraft and spacecraft components often require a high degree of dimensional stability. To evaluate polymeric composite materials for aerospace applications, it is necessary to determine the coefficient of moisture expansion (CME). CME is defined as the ratio of change in strain to mass variation due to moisture desorption or absorption.
- [Cryogenic Mechanical Testing](https://www.aac-research.at/services/testing/cryogenic-mechanical-testing/): In industries such as the space sector where components and parts are exposed to cryogenic (low and ultra-low) temperatures under operation, material properties at these extreme conditions are very important for the design of such components. There is a demand on new light weight metals or composites and a lack of sufficient extreme temperature engineering data for a safe life design of components such as cryogenic propellant vessels containing liquid oxygen, liquid natural gas or liquid hydrogen.
- [Environmental Testing](https://www.aac-research.at/services/testing/environmental-testing/): AAC offers tests of coating properties, tailored towards the demands of the aviation industry. These tests simulate the ageing of exterior coatings in the aviation sector and include liquid immersion into aircraft fluids, influence of environmental, and in-service conditions.
- [Mechanical testing](https://www.aac-research.at/services/testing/mechanical-testing/): Material properties under different physical and environmental conditions are very valuable for engineers to design, manufacture and operate structures reliable. AAC’s extensive testing facilities, such as static tensile, compression, flexural and shear testing, complemented with dynamic testing methods (e.g. impact, fatigue, fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth) deliver those important material properties. We are offering not only standardized mechanical testing but tailored testing solutions at extreme conditions, such as cryogenic testing from 4.2K to high temperature testing up to 2600°C, on different material classes such as metals, polymers, composites and ceramics. Mechanical testing of structural parts rounds off our portfolio, allowing us to establish the direct link between material property and structural performance.
- [(Micro-) Hardness Testing](https://www.aac-research.at/services/testing/micro-hardness-testing/): Hardness testing is a crucial process in the metal industry to measure a material’s resistance to deformation. It allows for the determination of properties such as strength, toughness, and abrasion resistance, which are critical for selecting and processing materials. Various testing methods enable the precise measurement of a material’s hardness, which forms the foundation for further treatment and application of the material.
- [Microstructural Analysis](https://www.aac-research.at/services/testing/microstructural-analysis/): Our experienced team analyses in modern equipped labs metal alloys (e.g., steel, Al-, Ti-, Mg- or Cu-alloys, etc.), hard metals, ceramics, composites, powders, coatings, etc. The available expertise allows us to assist the aviation industry using methods provided by:
- [Non-destructive Testing (NDT)](https://www.aac-research.at/services/testing/5984-2/): Many materials contain imperfections such as pores, cracks, inclusion, etc. induced by the production process or the usage leading to reduced properties compared to parts made of perfect materials. Especially the effect on reduced mechanical properties in structures is important. In order to be able, to identify such defects without damaging the structure so called Non Destructive Testing will be applied. Depending on the material, complexity and accessibility of the part a wide number of different NDT methods are available.
- [Outgassing](https://www.aac-research.at/services/testing/outgassing/): To qualify materials for their suitability for space applications, assessment of outgassing properties is required. “Outgassing” is defined as the mass loss of a sample due to thermal vacuum conditioning. AAC offers outgassing tests in accordance to the ESA standards ECSS-Q-ST-70-02C (“Thermal vacuum outgassing test for the screening of space materials”), ASTM E595 (“Standard Test Method for Total Mass Loss and Collected Volatile Condensable Materials from Outgassing in a Vacuum Environment”) and ECSS-Q-TM-70-52A (“kinetic outgassing of materials for space”).
- [Stress Corrosion Cracking Test](https://www.aac-research.at/services/testing/stress-corrosion-cracking-test/): Experimental testing the resistance of metals and their welds used in aerospace, energy, transportation and general industries to stress corrosion cracking is essential to avoid sudden failure of materials and parts when exposed to combined tensile loading and corrosive environment.
- [Structural Component Testing](https://www.aac-research.at/services/testing/structural-component-testing/): Beside standard mechanical tests on material samples which serve as first input in the design of components, structural component tests are important to determinethe behaviour of elements, subcomponents and components under working conditions. Component tests allow the assessment ofinfluencing parameters such as environment, assembly or manufacturing uncertainties, which can only be partly addressed by tests onmaterial samples. AAC´s test facilities for uniaxial static and dynamic loading in a large temperature range fromcryogenic to high temperature conditionsenable the measurement of the structural behaviour of elements, subcomponents and components. Structural testing is supported byCAD and Finite Element Simulation tools for the designof appropriate fixtures and prediction of the behaviour of the component under simulated loads. Furthermore,online non-destructive methods such as Acoustic Emission are availablefor early detection and localization of defects.
- [Surface Characterization](https://www.aac-research.at/services/testing/surface-characterization/): Static Contact Angle measurement
- [Ice Adhesion Testing](https://www.aac-research.at/services/testing/ice-adhesion-testing/): Icing is a common phenomenon in many industries, including aviation, wind energy, solar energy, and other industrial applications. In case of aviation industry, for example, it can occur on the fuselage, pitot tubes, air inlets, leading edges but also on surfaces in the air condition of the aircraft or in the ground unit.
- [Thermal Vacuum Testing TVAC](https://www.aac-research.at/services/testing/thermal-vacuum-testing-tvac/): Thermal Vacuum Testing (TVAC) is an essential tool for any space activity. The tests are performed on any development level, i.e., ranging from sample tests for low technology readiness level (TRL) activities over components and sub-element qualification for TRL 5/6, to flight hardware qualification.
- [Vacuum Tribological Tests](https://www.aac-research.at/services/testing/tribological-tests/): Tribology in space differs strongly from tribology on earth. Already vacuum itself rules out most solutions used on ground: lubricants evaporate, materials degrade (polymers) or are not corrosion resistant (nitriding steels), most common metallic alloys are subject to strong adhesive wear or cold welding under vibrations, many coatings exhibit much higher friction (e.g. DLC). Hence, selection of material and lubricants in tribological contacts cannot be extrapolated from terrestrial approaches.
- [Anti-Icing Coatings & Functional Coatings](https://www.aac-research.at/services/consulting/anti-icing-coatings-functional-coatings/): Since 2008 AAC is active in the field of icing phenomena. AAC is developing active and passive anti-icing and de-icing systems and integrates them into systems:
- [Cold welding database](https://www.aac-research.at/services/consulting/cold-welding-database/): Based on the result of “General Validation Studies” a data base was initiated:
- [Material & Failure Analysis](https://www.aac-research.at/services/consulting/material-failure-analysis/): The team of microstructural characterisation possesses a profound knowledge and professional experience in the field of material development and optimization, failure analysis and quality control. We are working in close contact with ESA, the aerospace industry and corresponding research institutes on a huge variety of metals and alloys like, in particular, steels, Al- and Ti-alloys, composites, coatings and electronic materials. A significant part of our work has been devoted to failure analysis which requires mechanical-, corrosion- or tribological phenomena to be understood and correlated with production processes and application environments. Our motivated team works constantly on widening the preparation and analysis methods in order to be able to resolve even the most challenging failures and damage cases.
- [Materials for Space](https://www.aac-research.at/services/consulting/materials-for-space/): Assistance in selection of materials for space applications
- [Simulation](https://www.aac-research.at/services/consulting/simulation/): FEM, mechanical, thermal and infusion process simulation, smart materials
- [Space Tribology](https://www.aac-research.at/services/consulting/space-tribology/): Tribology in space differs strongly from tribology on earth. Already vacuum itself rules out most solutions used on ground: lubricants evaporate, materials degrade (polymers) or are not corrosion resistant (nitriding steels), most common metallic alloys are subject to strong adhesive wear or cold welding under vibrations, many coatings exhibit much higher friction (e.g. DLC). Hence, selection of material and lubricants in tribological contacts cannot be extrapolated from terrestrial approaches.

## Projects
- [MAC – “Molecular Absorption Coating”](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/mac-molecular-absorption-coating/): Actual instruments on satellites are very sensitive to contamination. This activity aims to develop a molecular absorption coating that can be applied close to senstive surfaces – e.g. optical instruments - to keep contamination at low level.
- [A3Lub2 – Austrian Dry Lubrication for Deployment Applications](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/a3lub2-austrian-dry-lubrication-for-deployment-applications/): Following the development during SLPMC2, this project “A3Lub2” AAC performed successfully the validation of the new material TS8591 by ENSINGER Sintimid (AT). Following that, all critical bearings necessary for a Large Deployable Reflector (LDR) were manufactured. AAC ran extensive testing it ins new “DYNAX” setup which enables at combination of axial and radial pre-loads. as well as changing them in-situ. They could concluded with the success of being selected for the LDR of the earth observation mission “CIMR”.
- [NewSpceDrive](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/newspcedrive/): The primary, major goal of this project was the development of a drive unit for the space sector, which can be used for many applications based on its universal approach. A 66% cost reduction in space drives and a reduction in delivery times from the current typical 10 months to less than 3 months are targeted. AAC’s part was the selection of the tribological components and testing of the drive unit.
- [4Dprint](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/4dprint/): The term “Compliant mechanisms” refers to bulk components that can replace tribological components like bearings or gears: in contrast to a bearing or a gear, they do not need lubrication. Using Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) motion can be generated without use of a classical motor. With in the ESA project 4Dprint, RHP (AT) manufactured a compliant mechanism (rotary actuator) by 3D-printing. The performance was tested under TVAC at AAC. Therefore, the gear test rig HADES was adapted to measure stiffness, output torque and output angle in TVAC.
- [LiMoCoSS – “Life Monitoring of Composite Space Structures”](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/limocoss-life-monitoring-of-composite-space-structures/): Within the last years, AAC developed a novel hybrid multifunctional piezo / temperature sensor and monitoring concept for flow front, cure and structural health monitoring of composite parts manufactured by resin infusion, mainly for aeronautic applications.The main objective of “LiMoCoSS” is to use the idea of the above-mentioned concept and to develop a sensor and monitoring technology for space relevant composite structures and manufacturing techniques such as wet winding for through live monitoring of composite structures during manufacturing, storage, transportation and usage.
- [EVA MODEL – “Evaporation modelling for long life mechanisms used in geostationary satellites”](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/eva-model-evaporation-modelling-for-long-life-mechanisms-used-in-geostationary-satellites/): This activity aims to develop an evaporation model for long life mechanisms including all most important mission factors influencing the total mass loss of lubricants. A web-based tool for calculating the outgassing behavior is created to give space engineers the opportunity to build their mechanisms even more precisely.
- [ENGRT II](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/engrt-ii/): Aerospace & Advanced Composites is pleased to be part of ENGRT II within a consortium made of 56 partners representing +10 nations all over the European Union.
- [LMD4MM – “Laser-Metal-Deposition for Multimaterial Manufacturing”](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/lmd4mm-laser-metal-deposition-for-multimaterial-manufacturing/): LMD4MM project advances Laser Metal Deposition technology to enable high-precision, multi-material manufacturing for aerospace and industrial applications. By using up to six powder feeders, it enables the in-situ creation of advanced materials like high-entropy alloys, metal matrix composites, and functionally graded materials, opening new possibilities for smart, high-performance components.
- [ProFilm – “European Protective Thin Films for Space Applications”](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/profilm-european-protective-thin-films-for-space-applications/): ESA has funded a €1 million project led by HPS, AAC, and DLR to develop next-generation multifunctional films for space applications. Aimed at improving satellite protection and performance, the project focuses on creating advanced materials with features like ATOX resistance, non-reflectiveness, and adaptability for use in thermal insulation, deorbiting systems, and stealth technologies.
- [Piezomotors and F2M](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/piezomotors-and-f2m/): The usage of linear piezo motors offers attractive advantages (such as outstanding torque vs mass ratio, irreversibility and stable positioning when unpowered). Friction based actuators would not need any energy during holding times. However, the main disadvantage of this necessity of stable friction and low wear.Within an ESA-Project AAC was responsible to validate friction coefficient in a representative way for the stick-slip-motion of such piezo motors. Following the non-promising results, AAC could within an FFG-project “Friction-to-Move” develop a new coating that offers medium and stable friction in ambient air and high vacuum. 
- [LABELO – “Laser Structured Anti-Icing Coatings for Aerospace Applications”](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/labelo-laser-structured-anti-icing-coatings-for-aerospace-applications/): Developing durable and highly effective passive anti-icing surfaces for aircraft by combining laser structuring, functional nano-coatings, and a robust plasma coating. Performance is evaluated through experimental icing tests and numerical simulations.
- [LabMat – “Ball Bearings Labyrinths Modelling And Testing”](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/labmat-ball-bearings-labyrinths-modelling-and-testing/): This project aims to develop an improved, simplified methodology for predicting lubricant evaporation through labyrinth seals which can be used by space mechanism designers. This prediction is critical to check if a sufficient amount of lubricant is in the bearings at the end of life and, secondly, to estimate potential risks of molecular contamination of nearby sensitive surfaces.
- [CronHard](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/cronhard/): For ball bearings, steels were developed with a high hardness to obtain good wear resistance and to survive high contact stresses, but not being resistant against stress corrosion cracking (SCC). However, the trend to higher efficiency and mass reduction leads to “integrated solutions”, like combining bearing with housing for which tensile stresses appear in the rings and the problem with SCC compatibility arises.  The project validated a heat treatment enabling Cronidur steel to withstand SCC test at a stress level of 50% of Rp02 without any signs of corrosion and stress-corrosion cracking phenomena. As Harmonic Drive ® Gear was using a Wave Generator Bearing machined from Cronidur and thermally treated via AAC. A life test in thermal vacuum was run for almost 6 months (from +90°C to -40°C) showing the bearing rings to be in good conditions.
- [LuST – “Lubricated Slipring Testing for space”](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/lust-lubricated-slipring-testing-for-space/): Sliprings are a common building block of satellites and are used to transfer electrical signals and electric power onto a rotating axis. A lot of R&D in this field was ongoing in the last years and it was found, that actual tribometers are reaching their limits when it comes to testing of sliprings. Target of the project "LuST" is to extend the existing test method to low temperature to verify, if lubricated sliprings are feasible not only for room- and high tempertures but also in low temperature conditions as well.
- [Enhancement of Life for Solid lubrication of Harmonic Drive ® gears, benefitting from new plasma nitriding processes made in AT (ASAP project “harmADES”)](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/enhancement-of-life-for-solid-lubrication-of-harmonic-drive-gears-benefitting-from-new-plasma-nitriding-processes-made-in-at-asap-project-harmades/): In 2019 an ASAP-project under bi-lateral funding of Austria (FFG) and Germany (DLR) could successfully be finalised. It aimed at enhancement of torque and lifetime for solid lubricated Harmonic Drive ® gears (HDs). Together with the manufacturer Harmonic Drive SE (DE) and an Austrian supplier for heat treatments (HMW), reasonable effort was put in the optimisation of nitriding process towards PH-steels used for gears in space. The main problem was that standard nitriding processes cause formation of so called “white etching layers”, which are on PH-steels very brittle. The new process aims at avoiding that layer and just improving the subsurface hardness to provide a better mechanical support of the tribologically stressed surface. Final life tests were done on newly nitrided Harmonic Drive ® gears, having been fully solid lubricated by use of tin coatings in the toothing. They life could be increased from less than 4000 revs to almost 15.000 revs.
- [HarmADES and Mechanisms that operate at low temperatures (MREP)](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/harmades-and-mechanisms-that-operate-at-low-temperatures-mrep/): An ASAP-project under bi-lateral funding of Austria (FFG) and Germany (DLR) aimed at enhancement of torque and lifetime for solid lubricated Harmonic Drive ® gears (HDs). Together with the manufacturer Harmonic Drive SE (DE) and an Austrian supplier for heat treatments a new nitriding process was developed for PH-steels used for gears in space. The new process aims at avoiding brittle WE-layer and just improving the subsurface hardness. In 2021 the ESA-MREP project “Mechanisms working at low temperatures” a Harmonic Drive ® gear was equipped with newly nitrided parts. Life tests over 63.000 output revolutions under permanent thermal cycling between -80°C and -5°C were successful at high efficiency.
- [BMG – Bulk Metallic Glasses geostationary satellites”](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/bmg-bulk-metallic-glasses-geostationary-satellites/): Bulk metallic glasses (BMG) are still an exotic kind of material. In fact, they are rapidly cooled metallic alloys. The rapid cooling “freezes” the amorphous state of the liquid and hinders crystallisation. AAC acting as subcontract to RHP assisted in material characterisation and application tests on springs and hold-down and release mechanisms (HDRM). BMG in contact to itself showed surprisingly low adhesion in fretting tests done in launch conditions. Hence, bulk metallic glasses may become an interesting new option for HDRMs.
- [JOICE – “Joint Austrian In-Flight Icing Research Venture 2020+”](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/joice-joint-austrian-in-flight-icing-research-venture-2020/): Project JOICE is Austria’s flagship R&D initiative focused on advancing aircraft icing research. The project develops innovative ice protection systems, enhances simulation tools, and strengthens national expertise in in-flight icing phenomena.
- [IMPACT – “Aircraft advanced rear end and empennage optimisation enhanced by anti-ice coatings and devices”](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/impact-aircraft-advanced-rear-end-and-empennage-optimisation-enhanced-by-anti-ice-coatings-and-devices/): The IMPACT project, part of the EU’s Clean Sky 2 program, focuses on optimizing aircraft rear fuselage and empennage designs by integrating passive anti-icing technologies. Led by the Austrian Institute of Technology, the consortium of ten partners from Austria, Italy, the UK, and Canada aims to enhance aerodynamic efficiency and safety through advanced 3D ice accretion simulations, innovative aerostructural optimization methods, and large-scale icing wind tunnel validations.
- [LiBio – “Lightweight Bionic Aircraft Interior – Entwicklung von Multimaterial-3D-Druck und multifunktionalen Beschichtungen”](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/libio-lightweight-bionic-aircraft-interior-entwicklung-von-multimaterial-3d-druck-und-multifunktionalen-beschichtungen/): LiBio is a transnational R&D initiative revolutionizing aircraft cabin design through sustainable, bionic-inspired components using advanced multi-material 3D printing. By combining innovative surface finishes and lightweight structures, the project enhances aesthetics, functionality, and passenger comfort while meeting strict aviation standards.
- [SLPMC2 – New EU-Solid lubricating material for Bearings by ENSINGER (TS8591)](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/slpmc2-new-eu-solid-lubricating-material-for-bearings-by-ensinger-ts8591/): To get non-dependent from non-EU-suppliers, a new material based on PTFE was developed by ENSINGER SINTIMID (AT) under assistance of AAC. It’s targeted use as cages in ball bearings offers the lubricant to be transferred by the balls from the cage onto the races. Bearings can be equipped only with a cage made of the new PTFE-based material, showed in long term ball bearing tests low torque.
- [Magnetic Brake – “Actuator with High Resolution Magnetic Braking”](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/magnetic-brake-actuator-with-high-resolution-magnetic-braking/): Within the ESA-project “Magnetic Brake” an Austrian consortium designed, built and tested a braking system which can be attached to a motor and increase it’s holding torque. This device – the magnetic brake – is contactless, wear-free and helps to reduce the power consumption on satellites. AAC’s part was to test the magnetic brake under space conditions (high vacuum hot and cold) and verify it’s predicted performance. The test campaign was finished successful in 2023 and the device outperformed ESA’s specifications.
- [LubRes – “Novel anti-ice surfaces based on lubricant reservoirs in polymer coatings”](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/lubres-novel-anti-ice-surfaces-based-on-lubricant-reservoirs-in-polymer-coatings/): The LubRes project aims to develop innovative, ice-repellent coatings for aircraft that offer long-lasting protection against ice formation and erosion. By embedding lubricating liquids into functionalized paint matrices the coatings can maintain their anti-icing performance over time, even under wear. This technology enhances flight safety, reduces maintenance needs, and contributes to lower emissions in the aerospace industry.
- [Projekt Evolution#4 – “ Entwicklung einer vollautomatisierbaren Luftfahrt-Fertigungstechnologie und Implementierung von Industrie 4.0](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/projekt-evolution4-entwicklung-einer-vollautomatisierbaren-luftfahrt-fertigungstechnologie-und-implementierung-von-industrie-4-0/)
- [Projekt Addictive Tooling – “Additive Fertigung Innovativer Toolings zur Herstellung Intelligenter Faserverbundbauteile”](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/projekt-addictive-tooling-additive-fertigung-innovativer-toolings-zur-herstellung-intelligenter-faserverbundbauteile/): In Addictive Tooling the consortium will develop a manufacturing process for an undercut CFRP hollow structure for the EC135 rotor system and its associated tooling system in additive manufacturing. In cooperation with Airbus Group Innovation and Airbus Helicopters a new designed vacuum assisted infusion technology will be the baseline for further development of intelligent, sensor-optimized toolings and robust processes. 
- [IceDrip – “Aircraft anti-icing and de-icing through assemblies of conducting varnish and functional coatings”](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/icedrip-aircraft-anti-icing-and-de-icing-through-assemblies-of-conducting-varnish-and-functional-coatings/): The IceDrip project explores the integration of advanced electro-thermal ice protection systems with (super)hydrophobic surface coatings to enhance energy efficiency and reliability in aviation. By combining continuous anti-icing at the leading edge with targeted de-icing further downstream, and optimizing ice-shedding through water-repellent surfaces, the project aims to reduce energy consumption while ensuring effective and consistent ice removal.
- [Rotorblattenteisung – “Produktivitätssteigerung durch Management von Eisansatz an Rotorblättern”](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/rotorblattenteisung-produktivitatssteigerung-durch-management-von-eisansatz-an-rotorblattern/): The Rotor Blade De-Icing project aims to reduce wind energy production losses caused by icing, particularly during winter months when other renewable sources like hydropower and solar generate less energy. By minimizing these losses, the project contributes to lowering reliance on fossil fuels and reducing CO₂ emissions. Research focuses on three innovative technological approaches: utilizing sublimation to prevent ice buildup, developing specialized blade surface coatings, and implementing active electrical de-icing systems.
- [IceGrid – “Untersuchung von Eisbildung auf Rückhaltegittern im Klimatisierungssystem von Luftfahrzeugen”](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/icegrid-untersuchung-von-eisbildung-auf-ruckhaltegittern-im-klimatisierungssystem-von-luftfahrzeugen/): The IceGrid project focused on preventing ice formation on protection grids in aircraft air-conditioning systems and ground-based climate modules. By combining heating paints and ice-repellent coatings, and validating performance through icing wind tunnel tests and simulations, the project successfully demonstrated that heated grids could prevent ice buildup while minimizing heat impact on airflow—enhancing reliability and efficiency in aerospace climate systems.
- [“Testhouse” – Metallic material characterisation](https://www.aac-research.at/projects/testhouse-metallic-material-characterisation/): 35 Years anniversary of the “Materials testhouse” @ AAC 

## Categories
- [Aviation](https://www.aac-research.at/category/aviation/)
- [Consulting](https://www.aac-research.at/category/consulting/)
- [Energy](https://www.aac-research.at/category/energy/)
- [Industry](https://www.aac-research.at/category/industry/)
- [Quality](https://www.aac-research.at/category/quality/)
- [Space](https://www.aac-research.at/category/space/)

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